Análisis de los movimientos estudiantiles en Colombia durante el periodo 2018-2020

Abstract

In most Latin American countries, everyone and everyone constitutes a sector of the population with a significant demographic weight (CEPAL, 2019). In Colombia, a population of 12,672,168 young people between the ages of 14 and 28 is estimated, representing 25% of the total population. Among them, 6,388,498 are men (50.4%) and 6,283,670 women (49.6%). Among men, young people represent 26% of the population, and among women, 24% Due to their demographic weight. A survey by the National Consulting Center in Colombia found that 65% of the population that most went out to march or wanted to do so, in 2019, were citizens between the ages of 18 and 25. Some representatives of the student movements such as Emily, Brandon, David and Jennifer state that the last representatives that have existed continue to have the same ideas that governed our country 25 years ago and that they have left our generation with no guarantee of anything, without pension guarantee, no guarantee of stable employment, no guarantee of education. Added to this is the unemployment suffered by young people as a consequence of decisions both in the private sector and in the public sectors. Thus creating the denial of believing in political parties and those who are part of them; This contributes to the fact that many young people do not participate politically in institutional spaces, and that they do not channel their proposals through political parties and politicize society. The truth is that in Colombia, since the beginning of the 20th century, university students have played an important role in the construction of democracy through their demonstrations of demands and their different forms of incidence in the political and social life of the country. Historically, the student movement has focused on the search for a quality public education, but it has also made justice and peace two of its main banners. In recent years, with their mobilizations, the students have obtained achievements such as the modification in the administration of the Industrial University of Santander (UIS) (Semana, 2017), the recognition of 2 million votes for the Seventh Ballot in favor of a Constituent Assembly (Cristancho, 2016) and the annulment of the reform of Law 30 proposed by Juan Manuel Santos and the Minister of Education María Fernanda Campo in 2011. The increasing importance of higher education is reflected in the growing demand it presents, especially in emerging economies such as Colombia, where the skills required by the labor market evolve rapidly (Ministerio de Educación Nacional, 2016a). Today in the country there are four types of institutions that offer different levels and educational programs. In total there are 288, of which 28% are universities, 41% comprise university institutions, technological institutions represent 18% and, finally, technical institutions comprise 13% (MEN, 2016a). Problem Statement- What is the impact that the student movements have generated in Colombia during the 2018-2020 period?